Napoleon free essay sample

In 1800, the French people vote in favour of a new Constitution Napolean made a series of reforms to improve the government, economy, and lives for French citizens To fix the French economy, he introduced a fair tax system and a Bank of France to regulate the money supply He created a merit based system for government bureaucrats He created public schools for students of all backgrounds He issued s comprehensive set of laws called the Napoleonic Code that provided order, freedom of religion, and eliminated privileges by estates. In 1804, Napolean ordered an election and the French people voted Napolean emperor for life. Napolean wanted control of a global empire in North America and Europe But, the revolution in Haiti convinced Napolean to abandon North America In 1803, Napolean sold territory in Louisiana to the United States for 15 million; The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the USA. During the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon sowed his military genius by debating Austria and Prussia and conquering Spain, Italy, and central. We will write a custom essay sample on Napoleon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During his rule over Europe, Napoleon made a number of devastating decisions. The one nation Napoleon could not defeat was England. He ordered a blockade, called the Continental System, to cut off all trade with England. The Continental System was a failure and hurt the French economy more than Englands economy. Napoleans insistence that nations obey French laws led to a rise in nationalism and uprisings against France. In 1812, Napoleon made his greatest mistake and invaded Russia The harsh winter and Russias scorned-earth policy devastated the French army and forced Napoleon to retreat In 1814, the weakened French army was defeated; Napoleon surrendered, was forced to give up his throne and was exiled to the island of Elba. The French monarchy was restored, but King Louis XVII was unpopular in 1815, Napoleon escaped and triumphantly gained the throne Only 100 days after napoleons return, he built a new army but was defeated by a European coalition at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. After his defeat, Napoleon was exiled to the remote island of St. Helena in the South Atlantic where he died after six years What was napoleons impact? He created reforms that ended the financial crisis and unequal class system and made public schools and the Napoleonic law code. His massive empire brought glory to the French people. His rise as emperor ended the Enlightened ideas of democracy that led to the French Revolution The fall of empire led to a conflict between rule by strong monarchs and democratic governments Other Accomplishments of Napoleon The Concordant (1801) Gave Catholic Church status as official state Church; French state would choose and pay clergy; Pope would consecrate The era after the fall of Napoleon was a conflict among conservative, liberal and radical forces Conservatives were usually wealthy land owners and. Nobles; They typically supported traditional monarchies Liberals were usually from the middle class; They supported Enlightenment ideas like limited monarchies and voting rights for educated landowners Radicals were usually from the lower classes; They supported extending democracy to all citizens When Napoleon was defeated in 1815, European leaders met at the Congress of Vienna to retire peace and bring stability back to Europe Congress of Vienna was attended by conservatives from Austria, Prussia, Russia, Britain, France and was led by Austrian minister Klemons von Metternich Metternich and other delegates disliked democracy, feared the ideas of the French Revolution, and wanted to restore Europe to the way it was before Napoleon. One goal was go prevent future French aggression This was accomplished taking from France all lands it gained under Napoleon and making the nations around France stronger The kingdom of Netherlands was created Switzerland became a nation 39 states joined to form the German Confederation Sardinia merged with Genoa Buffer zone was created between France and the major European powers One goal was to restore monarchs to power in Europe This was done by restoring kings in France, Portugal, Spain, and many Italian and German states One goal was to maintain a balance of power in Europe This was done by forming the Concert of Europe, an alliance among Russia, Austria, Prussia and Britain to maintain peace and stop future revolutions The decisions made at the Congress of Vienna helped maintain peace in Europe for almost 40 years But the decisions of the Congress of Vienna did not make liberals or radicals happy The restoration of kings led to an increase in demand for democracy in Europe In 1848, a surge of nationalism swept through Europe which sparked revolutions for democracy and the formation of new nations The Battle of Trafalgar Napoleons plan to invade Britain shattered by a huge British victory at the naval battle of Trafalgar (1805)

Free Essays on Assisted Suicides

Assisted Suicide Just how far should you go when being told to live life to the fullest? Are the choices you have in life up to you? Medical hospitals around the world are turning around in circles trying to define the thin line between the rights of a doctor and the rights of the patient. The question is whether or not â€Å"assisted suicide† should be an option available to the patient has in a time of great pain and agony. Should someone who possesses unbearable pain and who may be in the wrong state of mind at the time that could not affect not only his own life, but also the life of others? Although arguments exist to support the advantages of assisted suicides, over powering evidence shows that it may be in the best interest of the patients and others to not allow this. The controversial and difficult issue of assisted suicide or euthanasia has been brought to people’s attention by the very powerful and competitive views of which it expresses. Most people, more that 1/3, spend at least 10 days in intensive care units, where they often endure torturous attempts at a cure. A survey published in the may issue of the Journal of General Internal Medicine, was the first nationwide examination of all doctors’ views on physician assisted suicide. This survey found that 61.6% of AMA, American Medical Association, and delegates said they are for Physician assisted suicide. If the law would allow doctors to prescribe narcotics for the relief of pain, even if drugs have the side effect of shortening a patient’s life, then doctors would be able to prescribe a level of medication, that could reduce their patients’ agony. In a recent magazine article in the New York Times it states: At age 91, Bertha Hyman signed a â€Å"living will,† outlining her wishes of no resuscitation, no respirator, and no tangle of tubes. Later she informed two nieces and gave one of them power to an attorney to make decisions for her if she cou... Free Essays on Assisted Suicides Free Essays on Assisted Suicides Assisted Suicide Just how far should you go when being told to live life to the fullest? Are the choices you have in life up to you? Medical hospitals around the world are turning around in circles trying to define the thin line between the rights of a doctor and the rights of the patient. The question is whether or not â€Å"assisted suicide† should be an option available to the patient has in a time of great pain and agony. Should someone who possesses unbearable pain and who may be in the wrong state of mind at the time that could not affect not only his own life, but also the life of others? Although arguments exist to support the advantages of assisted suicides, over powering evidence shows that it may be in the best interest of the patients and others to not allow this. The controversial and difficult issue of assisted suicide or euthanasia has been brought to people’s attention by the very powerful and competitive views of which it expresses. Most people, more that 1/3, spend at least 10 days in intensive care units, where they often endure torturous attempts at a cure. A survey published in the may issue of the Journal of General Internal Medicine, was the first nationwide examination of all doctors’ views on physician assisted suicide. This survey found that 61.6% of AMA, American Medical Association, and delegates said they are for Physician assisted suicide. If the law would allow doctors to prescribe narcotics for the relief of pain, even if drugs have the side effect of shortening a patient’s life, then doctors would be able to prescribe a level of medication, that could reduce their patients’ agony. In a recent magazine article in the New York Times it states: At age 91, Bertha Hyman signed a â€Å"living will,† outlining her wishes of no resuscitation, no respirator, and no tangle of tubes. Later she informed two nieces and gave one of them power to an attorney to make decisions for her if she cou...

VIRTUAL FIELD TRIP TO TOWRAPOINT NATURE RESERVE/BO Essays

VIRTUAL FIELD TRIP TO TOWRAPOINT NATURE RESERVE/BOTANY BAY 1Identify the various plans and animals that occupy this ecosystem.Wading birds, bitou bush, lantana, snakes, crab, river and grey mangroves, salt marsh, algae, small fish, mud whelk.Describe how the abundance of mangrove seedling is measured.The abundance of mangrove seedlings is measured by using the quadrat method. Several set areas of land are randomly marked out, the amount of seedling in each area is counted and averaged. This is then multiplied by the total study area divided by the individual quadrat areaDescribe the distribution of mangrove species.River mangroves prefer to grow in sandy more sediment areas in small clumps, while grey mangroves prefer muddy areas and grow further apart.Identify the producers, consumers and decomposers.Plants like mangroves and salt marsh as well as detritus (mostly dead plants) are producersAnimals like foxes, birds and fish are consumersWhile smaller fish, crabs alga and fungi are decomposersGive examples if any ofa) predator/preyb) mutuali smc) commensalismd) parasitisme) allelopathy(a) birds prey on fish (b) lichen growing on mangrove tree (c) oysters andmangroves (d) mistletoe growing on mangrove bark (e) some fungi stunt thegrowth of other plants 7AdaptationList conditions found in mangrove ecosystem which makes colonization difficult.Little sunlight on floor, very wet, varying salinity.Identify and describe in detail.Mangrove: roots provide structural support in soft soil, also allows oxygen in though the surface.Ibis: lack of feathers on neck to reduce water logging, long beak to probe into mud, long toes to balance on mud.Grey mangrove: taller to reach out of canopy and get more sunlight for photosynthesis.River mangrove: leaves can regulate salinity, and turn in high heat to reduce water loss though evaporation. 8Human impact- Discuss at least three human impacts on this ecosystem. (include a positive one as well). Invasive introduced plants are affecting native plants at towra point. Plants like lantana and bitou bush take up space and steal resources from native plants ever since being introduced in the 1860s, introduced feral animals like foxes and rabbits pose a threat to native species. They eat native birds and other wildlife as well as causing erosion to the soil through burrowing. Many conservation programs are in place to reduce coastal erosion, regenerate habitat and kill non-native species.

Performance Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Performance Art - Essay Example This paper shall focus on performance artists and how they have been affected by various incidents and happenings. It shall highlight performance artists Marina Abramovic, Yoko Ono, and Stuart Brisley. This paper is being carried out in order to review the impact of performance art on art itself, and how these artists have impacted on the evolution and development of art in general. Each artist’s personal and professional history will first be presented, followed by a description of their significant work or performance art. Their more significant work/s shall then further be described or discussed in relation to significant incidents in their lives. Body Performance art refers to a performance which is exhibited to an audience; the performance may or may not be scripted, or it may also be carefully orchestrated or even spontaneous (Carlson, 1996, 3). In some cases, it may be performed live or taped with the performer being absent or present. It may include the situation which involves the four basic elements: time, space, performance’s body or presence in a media, and the relationship between the performer and the audience (Carlson, 1996, 4). It can happen anytime at any venue for any period. The performance of the artist exhibits the artist’s particular work of art. Three performance artists who have had a significant impact on art and on performance art shall be depicted in this essay. Marina Abramovic was born in Belgrade, and is based in New York as a Serbian performance artist (Stiles, et.al., 2008, 3). Her career first started in the 1970s and since then, she has been active in the arts for more than three decades. She has mostly been known for her performance art, exploring the relationship of the performer and the audience, the possibilities of the mind, as well as the limitations of the human body (Stiles, et.al., 2008, 5). She is considered to be the ‘grandmother of the performance art.’ In one of her earliest perfor mances, she sought to evaluate rituals and gestures, using knives and tape recorders, jabbing the knives between her fingers and each time she cut herself, she would use a different knife (Stiles, et.al., 2008, 4). In this performance, she was able to review the mistakes of the past and her previous attempts. In this performance, she sought to understand the state of consciousness of a performer and how it was actually possible to push him into actions which he could never normally do (Stiles, et.al., 2008, 6). In her next work, she considered how to create the energy caused by extreme body pain. In this performance, she cut off her nails, toenails, and hair and tossed it into a flaming star (Richards, 2009, 6). She considered these acts of purification as against the political traditions of her past; with the star representing the communism that dominated her home country for many years. To culminate her performance, she leapt across the flames into the centre of the burning star. She however passed out from lack of oxygen, but it took a while for her audience to realize such unfortunate circumstance (Richards, 2009, 7). This incident implied how physical limits can also limit performance; in this case, her passing out limited and curtailed her performance and what she wanted to convey in her art. For the years that followed, she also attempted to test the state of consciousness and whether it could also be made part of a performance (Westcott, 2010, 18). In her performance, she took a pill used by catatonic patients. This pill caused her to go into seizures and other uncontrollable movements (Westcott, 2010. 13). She recalls that while she did not have any control over her body, her mind was clear and lucid and she could observe what was actually

Lavin on Caravaggio, Alpers on Velazquez, Hyde on Boucher Essay

Lavin on Caravaggio, Alpers on Velazquez, Hyde on Boucher - Essay Example With respect to Velazquez’s painting on Las Meninas, Alpers mentions that certain contents and elements in the artist’s paintings are solely appended on the historical contexts of the characters rather than on their natural pictorial representation. Technically, artificial representation of elements and contexts in Las Meninas is in tandem with the 17th Century painting where important contents were fore-grounded or proximally situated with respect to auxiliary contents. Apparently, the pictorial quality of Las Meninas is inventively created and sustained so as to distinguish particular features from others (Alpers 34). For example, the princess together with the dwarf maid in Velazquez’s painting is wholly depicted on the painting’s foreground. However, the upstanding soldier and other characters at the rare are casually acknowledged as a means of creating a gaze rather than a glance on the viewer. Therefore, Velazquez’s paintings of Las Meninas ar e anecdotally narrative as opposed to being genuine in nature. Predictably, the artificial representation of characters in Las Meninas is meant to highlight the distinguishable social ranks of different characters. With respect to Boucher’s portrait of Pompadour at her Toilette, Melissa Hyde acknowledges the fact that the painting is a self-representation image; hence Boucher played a re-representation role in creation of the pictorial artwork. Apparently, Pompadour wanted to self-depict herself in front of a mirror. As a result, Boucher strived to pictorially represent.

Musical Hair Critiquing Essay Example for Free

Musical Hair Critiquing Essay 1) What show are you critiquing? Hair 2) Give a brief summary of the story line. Claude Hooper Bukowski, an Oklahoma farm boy, heads to New York City to enter the Army and serve in the Vietnam War. In Central Park, he meets a troupe of free-spirited hippies led by George Berger, a young man who introduces him to debutante Sheila Franklin when they crash a dinner party at her home. Inevitably, Claude is sent off to recruit training in Nevada, but Berger and his band of merry pranksters follow him. Sheila flirts with an off-duty Sergeant in order to steal his uniform, which she gives to Berger. He uses it to extract Claude from the base for a last meeting with Sheila, taking his place, but while Claude is away, the unit flies out to Vietnam, taking Berger with them. The film ends with the main cast singing at Bergers grave, followed by scenes of a large anti-war protest outside the White House in Washington, DC. 3) What did you like best about this show? Hair succeeds at all levels—as lowdown fun, as affecting drama, as exhilarating spectacle and as provocative social observation. It achieves its goals by rigorously obeying the rules of classic American musical comedy: dialogue, plot, song and dance blend seamlessly to create a juggernaut of excitement. 4) What did you like least about this show? The film omits the songs The Bed, Dead End, Oh Great God of Power, I Believe in Love, Going Down, Air, My Conviction, Abie Baby, Frank Mills, and What a Piece of Work is Man from the musical. Many of the songs have been shortened, sped up, rearranged, or assigned to different characters to allow for the differences in plot. 5) Who was the hero/heroine? Claude Hooper Bukowski/ Sheila Franklin. 6) Who was the villain? The General. 7) Were you able to understand everything? If not what did you understand? A major plot difference between the film and the musical involves a mistake that leads Berger to go to Vietnam in Claudes place, where he is killed. The musical focuses on the U.S. peace movement, as well as the love relationships among the Tribe members, while the film focuses on the carefree antics of the hippies. But why not make the film ending a happy one? In that case, the movie will better reflect the aspect of American Culture Happy Ever After. 8) Did you get a chance to listen to the soundtrack? Unfortunately not. 9) What was your favorite song? Aquarius. 10) Did you think that the actors were well cast? Sure. The cast featured John Savage as Claude Hooper Bukowski, Treat Williams as George Berger and Beverly DAngelo as Sheila Franklin. Williams was nominated for New Star of the Year in a Motion Picture Male. 11) If you were to remake this show who would you cast in the title roles? Why? If I were to remake the show, I would sill choose the actor and actress as the hero and heroine. The actors are really good-looking, and they can sing and dance well. 12) What aspect of American Culture do you see in this show? Nothing ventured nothing gained. Berger is not only at the heart of the hippie Tribe but is assigned some of Claudes conflict involving whether or not to obey the draft. His death led to the large anti-war protest and featured the carefree antics of the hippies.

The Digital Divide Essay -- Technology Society

The Digital Divide A new generation is forming the way its members will be written into history books. These are the members of the digital culture, a lifestyle relying on the use of technology and the Internet as a tool of communication and information-sharing. Nevertheless, as with the generations of the past, some individuals are not participating in this new cultural experience. It is common knowledge that some citizens do not use the Internet. Many do not use the Internet simply due to economic or social restrictions that prevent them from easily accessing the technology. However, what is not as common is why some members of our society are even choosing not to use the Internet. â€Å"Access, Civic Involvement, and Social Interaction† from the American Behavioral Scientist compare users and nonusers of the Internet across the United States: â€Å"8% were dropouts in 1995, 11% in 1996, 10% in 1997, and 11.5% in 2000† (Katz et al., Access 411). http://www.sci ls.rutgers.edu/~jimkatz/publications.htm No matter how small the statistic is, a choice not to use the Internet must have legitimate reasons and may result in conflicting effects. However, while it shows the amount of never users to be shrinking, the amount of former users is growing, implying that some people are already logging off the Internet while most are logging on. A lack of participation in the digital culture could have an effect on society, including both those who use the Internet, and those who do not. It is possible that either users or nonusers could have an advantage in the end due to their choice. Although the numbers are a minority, the nonusers must be analyzed and predictions need to be made about the reasons and effects of not... ...aythornthwaite, Caroline. â€Å"The Internet in Everyday Life.† American Behavioral Scientist. Vol. 45 No. 3, November 2001 363-382. Katz, James, and Philip Aspden. Communications of the ACM. Vol. 40 No. 4. April 1997. Katz, James, Ronald Rice, and Philip Aspden. â€Å"Access, Civic Involvement, and Social Interaction.† American Behavioral Scientist. Vol. 45 No. 3, November 2001 405-419 National Telecommunications and Information Administration. â€Å"A NATION ONLINE: How Americans Are Expanding Their Use Of The Internet.† September 2001. 21 February 2003 http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/dn/html/Chapter8.htm Sources Consulted www.icdri.org/technology/ indexbp.htm www.foreignpolicy.com/issue_janfeb_2002/ digital_divide.html www.cliffsnotes.com/internet/ www.tpj.org/reports/luddites02/ luddites02.jpg www.executive.govt.nz/minister/ maharey/divide/01-01.htm

Workplace and Employee Motivation

In recent years, the topic of workplace and employee motivation has emerged as a significant concern for both employers and management personnel. An analysis of such strategies at a Target Retail Store provides an example of how such motivational strategies affect the company†s sales, profits, workplace morale, and future. One of the most important issues at a Target Retail Store is the timely method and manner of placing and displaying the merchandise on the sales floor before the store actually opens to the public at 8:00 a. m. This must be effectively done with limited resources and staff. As a result, management must be able to appropriately and effectively motivate all staff employees and improve performance and employees† resistance to increasing productivity. This paper will examine the organizational efforts of Target Retail Stores in this area, and identify and analyze two motivational theories not currently in practice by Target. It will also apply the chosen motivational theories to management and discuss their impact and offer possible solutions that could have been implemented before employee motivation became an issue. In order to eliminate the time it normally took to neatly present merchandise on the sales floor, Target implemented a program that would effectively eliminate unnecessary packaging (EDA†s Waste Reduction Update, 2005). The results of this was the elimination of approximately 1. 5 million pounds of waste, an estimated saved $4. 5 million through packaging reduction, and the implementation of a more efficient method of merchandise distribution (EDA†s Waste Reduction Update, 2005). This led to an easier and more efficient merchandise placement in preparation for store opening every morning. Before the program†s implementation, Target†s management team observed both the amount of waste from packaging and the time workers spent opening and unwrapping shipments (EDA†s Waste Reduction Update, 2005). The team found that a great deal of labor was expended tearing apart packaging from merchandise. For example, one typical clothing shipment contained 20 individually wrapped sweaters. The sweaters had to be unwrapped before they could be displayed in the store. The team ultimately determined that an entire shipment of 20 sweaters could be safely shipped in just one outside wrapper (EDA†s Waste Reduction Update, 2005). The total reduction in packaging for the Target merchandise resulted in an estimated $3 million savings to the vendor for the reduced packaging material used in shipments (EDA†s Waste Reduction Update, 2005). To see whether the merchandise would arrive at the store in good condition, the Target Team asked its vendors to test its packaging reduction idea. After several shipments of clothing arrived unwrinkled and presentable, the team decided to change Target's packaging specifications to the vendor (EDA†s Waste Reduction Update, 2005). Target's current goal is to ship floor-ready apparel and minimize excess packaging; floor-ready means that the merchandise requires minimal preparation before being displayed on the sales floor (EDA†s Waste Reduction Update, 2005). As a result of an easier and more effective process, employee motivation in this area has been boosted. Although this method has increased efficiency, there are other methods that can still be implemented to increase employee motivation and productivity. One such theory of employee motivation is called motivation theory, which seeks to explain all kinds of motivated behavior in different situations, including behavior in organizations. Compensation administration is an application of motivation theory (Mitchell, 1992). Since the majority of behavior is sense motivated, individuals are greatly influenced by their environment. Thus, organizations can influence people†s behavior by changing environments and rewards. The best known theory of motivation in this area is Maslow†s theory of human motivation, which centers on the theory of â€Å"physiological needs (Maslow, 1943). As related to the theory of human motivation all people have a need or desire for a stable, formally based, high evaluation of themselves, for self respect, self esteem, and respect from others (Maslow, 1943). By firmly based self-esteem, Maslow†s theory was that which is based upon real capacity, achievement and respect from others. However, motivation is not the sole determinant of behavior. Ability and knowledge of what one is supposed to do combine with motivation in determining behavior in organizations. Also, an organization†s tasks vary in their requirements. Thus motivation can make little or much difference in performance, depending on the task. Another related motivational theory that could be applied to the Target Retail Store scenario is what is termed â€Å"content theory. † Content or arousal theories center on needs or drives. Several physiological and social needs have been identified and studied. A need for competence in mastering the environment is supposedly aroused when individuals are faced with new, challenging situations; it dissipates after mastery (McLelland, 1976). Closely related are curiosity or activity needs: people need and enjoy a stimulating environment, but they differ on this need and become adapted to certain levels of stimulation. A need for power has been suggested as a requirement for success in organizations. Effective managers may have a high need for power (McLelland, 1976). One problem with predicting behavior from individual needs is that people seem to have differing degrees of needs at different times of their lives (Maslow, 1943). An evaluation of the motivation theories based on needs probably focus on their limitations. Empirical studies have provided only modest support for them, and the proportion of the variance in performance explained has been low (McGregor, 1960). If Target was to follow Maslow†s theory of motivation, the organization could influence its employees† behavior by changing environments and rewards. This means that a reward based type of program could be implemented that would encourage employees to participate as a result of the possibility to receiving a bonus or reward. Since motivation theory is based on the fact that all people have a need or desire for a stable, formally based, high evaluation of themselves, management could use evaluations and other encouraging measures to increase self esteem, and respect from others in the workplace, thus enhancing employee motivation. Following a content needs based approach, Target management could implement an incentive program based on needs or drives. The management team could study different physiological and social needs as related to customer service and retail and implement a program based on the results of their study. A content-based approach consisting of a contest could assist the employees in mastering any new, challenging situations that may arise in their workday. Since content theory is also based on the need for a stimulating environment, target could conduct stimulating team meetings and outings that would be interesting and motivate the employees that way. Finally, research indicates that employee motivation is directly related to the success of any organization. In order to be effective, the management at Target would greatly benefit from the implementation of any of the programs and theories discussed above. This implementation would further enhance their continued success in the retail industry.

Microeconomics D. U.s. Essay

7. Indicate whether each of the following statements applies to microeconomics or macroeconomics: a. The unemployment rate in the U.S. was 9.0% in April 2011. Macroeconomics b. A U.S. software firm discharged 15 workers last month and transferred the work to India. Microeconomics c. A unexpected freeze in central Florida reduce the citrus crop and caused the price of oranges to rise. Microeconomics d. U.S. output, adjusted for inflation, grew by 2.9% in 2010. Macroeconomics e. Last week Wells Fargo Bank lowered its interest rate on business loans by one-half of 1 percentage point. Microeconomics f. The consumer price index rose by 1.6% in 2010. Macroeconomics 11. Explain how (if at all) each of the following events affects the location of a country’s production possibilities curve. a. The quality of education increases. The curve will shift outward. Better education leads to higher productivity of labors, inventions and technological advantages. b. The number of unemployed workers increases. This should not affect the curve. Production moves inward, away from the curve. c. A new technique improves the efficiency of extracting copper from ore. The curve should shift outward as more production is possible with existing resources. d. A devastating earthquake destroys numerous production facilities. The curve should shift inward with the destruction of resources/capital. Chapter 2 1. Contrast how a market system and a command economy try to cope with economic scarcity. A market system allows for the private ownership of resources and coordinates economic activity through market prices. Participants act in their own self interest and seek to maximize satisfaction or profit through their own decisions regarding consumption or production. Goods and services are produced and resources are supplied by whoever is willing to do so. The result is competition and widely dispersed economic power. The command economy is characterized by public ownership of nearly all property resources and economic decisions are made through central planning. The planning board, appointed by the government, determines production goals for each enterprise. The division of output between capital and consumer goods is centrally decided based on the board’s long-term priorities. 10. In a sentence, describe the meaning of the phrase â€Å"invisible hand.† Acting in your own self interest to increase profit and at the same time helping society and the economy.

The Impact of Computers on Careers essays

The Impact of Computers on Careers essays Computers are the future whether we like it or not. Some people dislike computers, because of the complications it takes to understand the basics. Computers are not exactly the easiest tools to work with, but they are the most rewarding, and they are the future. Future cars will all be run by computer. You will be able to talk to a car and it will take you to your destination. Telephones are technically computerized. You will soon be able to talk to a person on the telephone as well as look at the person you are talking to on a television set. Also, television is computerized. Soon we will have true three-dimensional television. We will be able to watch television like we never have watched it before. We will be able to touch the characters and feel the characters like they were in the room with you. For people who don't know much about computers, you will be lost in the future. You should learn what you can while you still have the chance because things will develop too quickly for you and you will not be able to cope with new technological events. Computers will fall into careers and our everyday life more rapidly then you think. Perhaps you would like to be a teacher. You will store all class data, students work, names, grades, records all accessible by computer. Or, how about a doctor. You will use computers to examine and evaluate a patients problem quicker and more efficiently. These are only a few examples. The bottom line is, computers provide worthwhile careers. Having a job that involves computers, in terms of the conditions, is very much similar to an office job. In most of the common jobs, the worker will get to an office in the morning, sit at a desk, in front of a computer, and will do very little manual labor except a lot of typing. For example, the computer consultant we have already mentioned might do several jobs, a few being: Traveling to clients computers, writing customized programs, repairing computer part...

Job description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Job description - Essay Example Appropriate skills and qualifications must also be determined to be able to put the right person for the task. Knowing what needs to be done results to better employee recruitment. Employee and performance planning means that there is a way to develop a certain Job Description for every position in the organization. A Job Description is a list of tasks that this personnel must perform while employed. It enumerates key results areas, and systematically itemizes what exactly must be performed to be considered effective. The Job Description also includes a list of required skills and even educational background for an applicant to be considered qualified. This way, the hiring officer will have a ready list of reference when screening for applicants. Only the qualified applicants will be matched to this position, making use of their credentials and previous work experiences as a way to equate them with the requirements. Doing this would help the hiring officer find the right person for the job, and would eventually help this person undertake his responsibilities once on board. Conducting a job analysis usually triggers the creation of job descriptions (Employee Job Descriptions 2010). Job descriptions can be made only when the job requirements are analyzed and the end results identified. Once appropriate employees are hired, they begin to undertake the responsibilities required of their positions. While a Job Description serves as a general tool for the employee to determine their roles in the workplace, this employee must also use his skills and abilities to look for means to improve his key results areas. To do this, he must be made to understand his roles in the workplace, and the organization should provide the needed support in order for the employee to perform these roles effectively. Next important thing to be done is to create ways to measure effectiveness of the person hired

Corporate Social Responsibility Literature review

Corporate Social Responsibility - Literature review Example This is what is now termed at Corporate Social Responsibility – an organization’s sense of responsibility to society, whether ecological, economical or social. (Schermerhorn 2010) The term ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ was coined way back in 1953 by Howard R Bowen in his book ‘Social Responsibilities of the Businessman’. He may as well be considered the Father of Corporate Social Responsibility. (Mhatre 2010) According to the Financial Times Lexicon, Corporate Social Responsibility is a business approach that delivers benefits in threefold – economic, social and environmental, to all the stakeholders and as a result leads to sustainable development. (lexicon.ft.com) Corporate Social Responsibility covers a gamut of activities ranging from human rights and working conditions to environmental health and development of the economy. While Corporate Social Responsibility was initially just considered a fancy term for generosity, times hav e now changed. Globalization and the ensuing awareness about the deteriorating environment and other social and economic issues around the world have ensured that there is a space for more responsibility that rests with every organization. Whether it is social and economic issues such as poverty and lack of education for children in certain areas of the world or environmental issues such as global warming and the increased carbon footprint, every organization today is now expected to focus on a certain cause and give back to the community. It is not just about generosity or being charitable. It is about a more united world – one wherein organizations are making returns. So why not support those that do not have access to so many privileges? And why not take care of the environment we live in? This is the role that CSR plays today in the daily functioning of an organization. Spreading awareness and the word that there is a need for organizations with power and resources to hel p those who need it, and the environment we live in, for the benefit of one and all. Hay, Stavens and Vietor (2005) summarise the meaning of Corporate Social Responsibility in their book Environmental Protection and the Social Responsibility of Firms. According to them, CSR is â€Å"a consistent pattern in which private firms do more than they are required to, based on laws and regulations governing the environment, worker safety and health and financial contributions in the communities in which they operate.† (Hay, Stavens and Vietor 2005) This definition is perhaps the most comprehensive, expressing not only the variety of functions of Corporate Social Responsibility but also stressing on the fact that the organizations do more than they are just required to. Lord Holme and Richard Watts further adds to this perspective by stating, â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large† (qtd. in Baker 2005). CSR has become a very integral part of every organization large or small, private or public. Schilling and Steensma (2001) is of the opinion that it shows to the public that the organizations are not just ruthless entities that function to make a fatter bottom line, but that they are also humans at the end of the day who care about others and the environmen